Cognition gross motor skills fine motor skills social-emotional developmentStart of breastfeeding duration of breastfeeding frequency of breastfeeding infant formula allergy risk supplementary food diet of breastfeeding motherCognitive growth emotional growth physical growth brain development early infant nutritionInfant development birth to 12 months physical developmental milestones cognitive developmental milestones language developmental milestones social and emotional developmental milestones Infant and young child feeding recommended practices physiological basis of breastfeeding complementary feeding maternity facilities breast conditions breastfeeding difficulties mothers' health health system and community actionsOxytocin prolactin milk production milk volume lactation stress pretermInfant and young child feeding recommended practices physiological basis of breastfeeding complementary feeding maternity facilities breast conditions breastfeeding difficulties mothers' health health system and community actionsHuman milk composition breastfeeding infant nutrition pasteurization bioactive factorsHuman breast milk lactose immunity system antimicrobial peptides proteins cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP)Nucleotides human milk infant formulaHuman milk breastfeeding bacteria mammary microbiota dendritic cells mastitis probiotics HIVHuman milk human milk composition infant formula infant formula processing infant formula quality infant formula regulation infant feedingCommensal bacteria human milk Staphylococcus aureus antimicrobial activityHomeostasis human milk intestinal microbiota oligosaccharides T cellsHuman milk arachidonic acid docosahexaenoic acid infant nutrition infant developmentNucleotides infants nutritionBiofactors breastfeeding breastmilk composition proteinsHuman milk breast milk milk proteins casein whey proteins lactoferrin immunoglobulins lactoperoxidase haptocorrin lysozyme β-lactalbuminBreast milk infant formula cow's milk allergy 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promotionBreastfeeding antenatal care infant health outcomes lactationLactation breastfeeding breast cancerBreastfeeding formula feeding maternal health childrens' health benefits risks modellingHuman breast milk stem cells leukocytes microbiome probiotic bacteriaInfant feeding recommendations exclusive breastfeeding duration nutrients complementary feeding breastfeeding promotion Mastitis breast inflammation breast fullness breast engorgement breast infection milk stasis milk removalBromocriptine cardiovascular diseases lactation inhibition misuse postpartum periodMilk heat treatment protein denaturation maillard reaction fluorescence β-lactoglobulin furosine lactuloseBreastfeeding duration of exclusive breastfeeding lactation cessationOxytocin prolactin milk production milk volume lactation stress pretermBreastfeeding breast milk feeding frequency milk intakeHeat treatment Maillard reaction infant formula Furosine Hydroxymethylfurfural CarboxymethyllysineNewborn mother lactation 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actionsEpidemiology causes of mastitis milk stasis infection predisposing factors pathology and clinical features prevention treatmentHuman milk prebiotic probiotic safety chineseBacteria diarrhea infants intestinal repair nucleotidesInfant formula follow-on formula compositionAlpha-linolenic acid arachidonic acid docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid infant nutrition linoleic acid maternal health maternal nutrition perinatal developmentStart of breastfeeding duration of breastfeeding frequency of breastfeeding infant formula allergy risk supplementary food diet of breastfeeding motherInfant and young child feeding recommended practices physiological basis of breastfeeding complementary feeding maternity facilities breast conditions breastfeeding difficulties mothers' health health system and community actionsInhibitors lipases lipolysis physicochemical properties of lipidsOntogeny of gastrointestinal anatomy innervation contractile activity peristaltic function preterm infant feedingHuman milk gastrointestinal tract bioactivity biological evolution immunologyPhysiology of digestion month week pregnancy gut development nutrition dietDevelopmental gastroenterology intestinal growth microecology premature infants necrotizing enterocolitisSterile womb in utero colonization microbiome placenta contamination axenic animalsDigestive system anatomy childrenMicrobiota asthma early life critical window hygiene hypothesis microflora hypothesisAllergy Bifidobacterium gut microbiota hygiene hypothesis infantsMaturation gastrointestinal tract colostrum hormones peptidesUnexplained early crying crying as a developmental phenomenon challenges of assessing crying complaints crying management outcomes and consequencesNeonate toddler regurgitation colic constipationFunctional constipation organic constipation treatmentWater-electrolyte balance acid-base balance infant baby formula diarrhea breastfeeding water dehydrationAcute diarrhea gastroenteritis children hydration child nutritionDiarrhea malnutrition infection dietary intake breastfeedingConstipation functional constipation organic constipation fecal impaction childrenAcute gastroenteritis child children definition of diarrhea guidelinesCow's milk protein CMPAChildren adolescents abdominal pain nausea vomiting functional disordersFood intolerance food allergy cow's milk protein allergy lactose intolerance lactase deficiency Functional constipation pharmacological treatment non-pharmacological treatmentGastroesophageal reflux gastroesophageal reflux disease pediatrics guidelines review global consensus reflux-related disease vomiting regurgitation rumination extraesophageal symptoms Barrett esophagus proton pump inhibitors diagnostic imaging impedance monitoring gastrointestinal endoscopy lifestyle changesLocust bean gum carob bean gum regurgitation gastro-oesophageal reflux safety infants infant formula thickenerConstipation diagnosis paediatrics therapeuticsDiarrhoea vomiting gastroenteritis diagnosis nutritional management therapies Cow's milk allergy oral food challenge skin prick test atopy patch test hypoallergenic formulas intestinal microbiota nutritionColic rule of three organic causes of crying diagnosis colic managementFunctional gastrointestinal disorders FGIDs Rome criteria guidelines infant toddler children adolescent Management of colic treatment of colic pharmacological treatment complementary and alternative treatmentChildren constipation encopresis enema evidence-based fecal incontinence fecal soiling functional constipation guideline infants laxativeInfant cow's milk protein allergyColic depression infant maternal postnatal Functional gastrointestinal disorders infant toddlersHygiene practices infectionFunctional constipation therapeutic agents pharmacological treatment non-pharmacological treatmentAnaemia human iron requirement iron bioavailability iron deficiency iron metabolismCalcium factorial approach balance average requirement dietary reference valueIron average requirement dietary reference value probabilistic modelling factorial approachVitamin A retinol carotenoids average requirement population reference intake dietary reference valueFood composition food nutrient content nutrients food nutritional value key foods health policyFolic acid l-methylfolate dietary supplementsBone calcium pregnancyPregnancy vitamin A vitamin A deficiency micronutrient supplementationDietary iron iron iron deficiency anaemia ferrous Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome iron deficiency fertility infant newborn birth weight societies Iron deficiency deficieny anaemia assessment preventionPregnancy iron folic acid supplementationPregnancy calcium supplementationPregnancy nutritional intervention maternal and foetal assessment preventive measures interventions for common physiological symptoms health system interventionsAdolescents children infants vitamin D deficiency vitamin D supplementationInfant reference values nutrient intake supplements health vitamins minerals trace elements nutrition development child infant Infant formula follow-on formula composition Vitamin D 25(OH)D UVB irradiation musculoskeletal health outcomes meta-regression adequate intake dietary reference value Sources of calcium metabolism of calcium functions of calcium sources of vitamin D metabolism of vitamin D functions of vitamin DVitamin D biology and metabolism measuring vitamin D exposure health outcomesCalciferol calcidiol cholecalciferol calcitriol vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D 125-dihydroxyvitamin D toxicity safety nutrition environment ultraviolet light hyperparathyroidism osteoporosis osteomalacia daily reference intake 25(OH)D 125(OH)2D no observed adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect levelHuman micronutrient requirements micronutrient malnutrition role of micronutrients in human health and nutrition vitamin A vitamin D calcium vitamin E vitamin K vitamin C dietary antioxidants thiamine riboflavin niacin vitamin B6 pantothenic acid biotin selenium magnesium zinc iron vitamin B12 folate and folic acid iodine food as a source of nutrientsVitamin D sources metabolism growth and development immunityVascular calcification Vitamin D survival hyperparathyroidism phosphate chronic kidney diseaseMinerals milk composition human milk bovine milkInfant reference values nutrient intake supplements health vitamins minerals trace elements nutrition development child infant Calcium factorial approach balance average requirement dietary reference valuePhosphorus calcium molar ratio adequate intake dietary reference valueVitamin D 25(OH)D UVB irradiation musculoskeletal health outcomes meta-regression adequate intake dietary reference valueEstimating requirements upper intake levels calcium phosphorus magnesium vitamin D fluorideSources of calcium metabolism of calcium functions of calcium sources of vitamin D metabolism of vitamin D functions of vitamin DVitamin D deficiency insufficiency supplementation vitamin D intake Calcium calcium deficiency calcium homeostasis bone mineralisation osteoporosis dietary calcium requirementsHypercalcaemia paediatrics bisphosphonates hyperparathyroidismVitamin D biology and metabolism measuring vitamin D exposure health outcomesCalciferol calcidiol cholecalciferol calcitriol vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D toxicity safety nutrition environment ultraviolet light hyperparathyroidism osteoporosis osteomalacia daily reference intake 25(OH)D 1.25(OH)2D no observed adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect levelHuman micronutrient requirements micronutrient malnutrition role of micronutrients in human health and nutrition vitamin A vitamin D calcium vitamin E vitamin K vitamin C dietary antioxidants thiamine riboflavin niacin vitamin B6 pantothenic acid biotin selenium magnesium zinc iron vitamin B12 folate and folic acid iodine food as a source of nutrientsVitamin D sources metabolism growth and development immunityVascular calcification vitamin D survival hyperparathyroidism phosphate chronic kidney diseaseThyroid hormones hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism thyroid function abnormalities effects on cardiovascular system effects on skeletal system effects on neurological systemInfant reference values nutrient intake supplements health vitamins minerals trace elements nutrition development child infant Time trends early childhood breastfeeding nutrient intake food consumptionBreastfed infants formula-fed infants energy intake bodyweight dietInfant reference values nutrient intake supplements health vitamins minerals trace elements nutrition development child infant Vitamin C metabolic losses plasma ascorbate average requirement dietary reference value health outcomesVitamin D 25(OH)D UVB irradiation musculoskeletal health outcomes meta-regression adequate intake dietary reference value Human nutrition nutritional requirements nutrition physiology infants Vitamin D deficiency insufficiency supplementation vitamin D intake Sources of calcium metabolism of calcium functions of calcium sources of vitamin D metabolism of vitamin D functions of vitamin DVitamin A iron anaemia iron deficiency anaemia micronutrientsVitamin D biology and metabolism measuring vitamin D exposure health outcomesRiboflavin thiamine niacin folateCalciferol calcidiol cholecalciferol calcitriol vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D toxicity safety nutrition environment ultraviolet light hyperparathyroidism osteoporosis osteomalacia daily reference intake 25(OH)D 1.25(OH)2D no observed adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL lowest observed adverse effect levelHuman micronutrient requirements micronutrient malnutrition role of micronutrients in human health and nutrition vitamin A vitamin D calcium vitamin E vitamin K vitamin C dietary antioxidants thiamine riboflavin niacin vitamin B6 pantothenic acid biotin selenium magnesium zinc iron vitamin B12 folate and folic acid iodine food as a source of nutrientsVitamin D sources metabolism growth and development immunityVascular calcification vitamin D survival hyperparathyroidism phosphate chronic kidney diseaseVitamin C metabolic losses plasma ascorbate average requirement dietary reference value health outcomes Fluoride caries adequate intake dietary reference valueZinc dietary reference value population reference intake phytateDietary reference values nutrients macronutrients micronutrients Dietary recommendations expert groups factorial approach physiological requirements zincZinc copper myelopathy denture creamVitamin C vitamin E selenium carotenoids dietary reference intakeBiotin brain coenzyme folate homocysteine niacin pantothenic acid riboflavin thiamin vitaminFluoride bone health osteoporosisSodium fluorosilicate zinc fluorosilicate fatal poisoning tissue dispositionZinc immune system zinc deficiencyFluoride supplements caries prevention fluorosis evidence-based dentistry clinical recommendationsFluoride water fluoridation teeth dietary fluoride supplementsVitamin B B-complex vitamins thiamine riboflavin niacin pyridoxine pantothenic acid biotin inositol folic acid folate cobalamin Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome beriberi pellagra pernicious anaemia megaloblastic anaemia intrinsic factor haematinic peripheral neuropathyRiboflavin thiamine niacin folateFluoride acute fluoride toxicity sources of overexposureHuman micronutrient requirements micronutrient malnutrition role of micronutrients in human health and nutrition vitamin A vitamin D calcium vitamin E vitamin K vitamin C dietary antioxidants thiamine riboflavin niacin vitamin B6 pantothenic acid biotin selenium magnesium zinc iron vitamin B12 folate and folic acid iodine food as a source of nutrientsBreastfeeding galactogogues health policy lactationBreastfeeding galega infant new bornMoringa oleifera mallungay breastmilkBreastfeeding galactogogues herbs lactationGalactagogue human milk preterm infants silymarin galegaBreastfeeding woman stimulation of lactation galactogoguesGalactogogue silymarin-phosphatidylserine galegaGastrointestinal disorder herbal treatment fennel Infantile colic massage sucrose solution herbal tea hydrolysed formulaMentha Piperita peppermint synbiotics abdominal painDiarrhoea children efficacy tolerability gastroenteritis pectin chamomile extractNeonate toddler diarrhoea regurgitation colic constipation vomitingHypoallergenic formula atopic dermatitis anthropometry infectionsConstipation prebiotics inulin stool consistency non-pharmacological treatment childrenFunctional constipation lactobacillus reuteriMicrobiota probiotics infant biomodulator dysbiosisChildren diarrhoea realimentationAcute diarrhoea treatment apple pectin chamomilePrebiotics gut microbiology oligosaccharides microbial fermentationLong chain fats malabsorbtive disorders liver disease abnormal small intestinal flora lymphatic abnormalities lipid metabolism Acute gastroenteritis child children definition of diarrhoea guidelinesFunctional chronic constipation probiotic bifidobacterium longum yogurt adolescents childrenBeta-palmitic acid fatty acids human milk infant nutrition milk formulasLactobacillus rhamnosus functional gastrointestinal disorders probiotics Infantile colic diet breastfed infants formula-fed infantsSoy infant formula allergy cow's milk allergy soy allergy IgEStart of breastfeeding duration of breastfeeding frequency of breastfeeding infant formula allergy risk supplementary food diet of breastfeeding motherBeta-palmitate sn-2 palmitate infant formula crying stool characteristics breastfeedingProbiotic diarrhoea saccharomyces boulardii adult patients meta-analysisComplementary and alternative medicine herbal supplement infantile colic probioticsLocust bean gum carob bean gum regurgitation gastro-oesophageal reflux safety infants infant formula thickenerCow's milk allergy oral food challenge skin prick test atopy patch test hypoallergenic formulas intestinal microbiota nutritionMucin tight junction antimicrobial peptide defensing adherenceFunctional gastrointestinal disorders probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri childrenAcute diarrhoea children zinc probioticNatural health products source of informationGastrointestinal disorders diarrhoea inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome liver disease gastrointestinal microbiota probiotics prebiotics synbioticsPrebiotics bifidobacteriaInfantile colic partially hydrolysed milk formula prebiotics treatmentProbiotic prebiotic synbiotic health claims definitions historyTormentil root extract rotavirus diarrhoeaDiarrhoea guideline infants microbiota probiotics RCT systematic reviewMedium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT oil) diarrhoea children nutritional statusProbiotics prebiotics paediatrics supplements nutritionDiagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy breast-fed infants formula-fed infants(Antibiotic-associated) diarrhoea gastroenteritis inflammatory bowel disease irritable bowel syndrome prebiotic probioticConstipation colic crying functional disorder formula fussiness gastrointestinal symptoms gassiness infant regurgitationInfant cow's milk protein allergyHerbal tea infantile colicGut microbiota children dietary fibre functional gastrointestinal disorders prebiotics oligosaccharidesGastro-oesophageal reflux infants thickened feeding intraluminal electrical impedance technique placebo-controlled studyProbiotics RCT microbiota functional gastrointestinal disordersReflux dyspepsia paediatric integrative medicine acupuncture gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)Breastfeeding length of breastfeeding breastfeeding period exclusive breastfeeding Germany guidelines Breastfeeding allergy allergy prevention weaning Germany guidelines Allergy evidence-based and consented guideline allergy prevention update GermanyBreastfeeding baby's attachment suckling breastfeeding difficulties Breastfeeding bottle-feeding other feeding techniques Pumping breast milk storage of breast milkBreastfeeding breast inflammation 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